Nurturing You Part Two: TLC For The Weary | How Does She...

Nurturing ourselves is a skill that we can apply to every setback in life, from minor disappointments to major trauma.? As humans, we prepare for all kinds of life?s scenarios with food?storage, outdoor survival skills, financial preparedness, and spiritual practices.? Yet there will be times when no matter how much preparing we do, we may find ourselves inadequately equipped for many of life?s emotional obstacles.? Sometimes an emotional obstacle will hit the shores of your life like a tsunami, other times it?s the day-to-day challenges that build up and wear you down.

It took the death of my infant son for me to realize how unskilled I was at nurturing myself (see Nurturing You Part One).? I had to take baby steps into this unfamiliar territory of healing a deep emotional wound?but I noticed over time that through taking?the steps, I had built a self care kit -?an arsenal of tools to utilize when life knocked the wind out of my sails.? I hope sharing these tips will help alleviate some of the anxieties in your daily life and may even be of some comfort if you find yourself faced with a scenario that feels like more than you can bear.

Have?A Good Cry

First and foremost, you have to let it all out.? After my son passed, a group of friends sent me a very special book called Tear Soup.? The book acknowledges how you first have to grieve any kind of loss in life.? You have to empty out the pain little by little before you can fill up with joy again, before you can rebuild after crisis.? Here?s an illustrated excerpt, showing that you will need to first make your own pot of Tear Soup.? It might be a tiny pot that you need for plain old ?not fair? circumstances in life?or a big pot for ?more than I can bear?, or maybe something in between.? No matter what, we each have to come up with our own intuitive recipe for this process.? Notice the ?cookbooks? on the shelf below the pots.? They cover such a?wide range of circumstances and that is what is so beautiful and touching about this little gem.? It acknowledges that we all have pain and experience so many aspects of it in life.

Keep Letting It All Out

Since one of the stages of grief is anger, I unloaded and processed a lot of feelings in a journal.? I love how the?journal on the far right has a lion with an open-mouthed roar, surrounded by words like whimper, weep, wail, bellyache, and grumble.??It?s human to grumble and moan once in?a while, but it?s nice to have a constructive outlet for it so it doesn?t become a more permanent mode of operating and turn into a destructive habit.? The flip side of this journal has a list of words about gratitude.? The idea is that while you?may be?feeling something to grumble about, you can still find beauty or something to be grateful for.

Try A New Perspective

I love how the blue journal on the left has an inspirational quote.? It reminds me to try and see life, death, and everything in between, from a different perspective.? Leonardo Da Vinci was said to have made a habit of viewing things from a minimum of 3 different perspectives.? Here are some perspectives to consider: those of children, those of nature, and those of? Spirit.? Children have? a refreshingly innocent perspective on life and just asking them some basic life questions may yield profound answers.? Observing nature holds so many clues about this life and I shared?several of these healing metaphors in Part One.? From the perspective of Spirit, I can only imagine that everything looks radically different and I begin to consider how each trial?may hold?a treasure or lesson that I couldn?t have learned any other way.

Seek Positive Reminders

The photo above shows some objects people sent me after both my son and my grandmother passed.? The transformation of the dragonfly and butterfly are common metaphors for taking leave of this world and serve as additional reminders of the journey of the Spirit.??You can have a card with the dragonfly story and key chain sent from the ?Story & Cards? tab of the non-profit?website ?www.dragonflyproject.org.? They send messages of hope to those who are grieving.

I received the butterfly when I was living in Hawaii after my grandmother passed away.? When we moved back to the mainland, we unknowingly left it behind.? We also left our wireless router with the man who moved in after us along with a forwarding address so he could send it when he was done using it.? Imagine my surprise when months later, a box showed up with not only the router, but this little butterfly as well.?? It really made my day to see that butterfly again.? I felt like Grandma was saying, ?I am with you!? and it was as though she had watched over the move.

I loved my grandma dearly and her handwritten letters are treasures I keep referring to on ?down? days (or just about any day).? Now that she has passed, her uplifting words of encouragement are more precious than ever.? I keep several cards from her in my nightstand to read from time to time and they always make me smile.? I can still feel her love coming right off the paper.? Who loves you like your grandma!?!

Write Encouraging Messages ? To Yourself!

Along with important letters, I keep positive quotations and uplifting words around.? They may come from scriptures or prayer books, novels, films, or Pinterest!? Even Disney movies contain a lot of gems.? One of my favorites is from the movie Mulan, and the quote is on one of the cards below.

Put them?in random places ? a drawer here and there, in a?bag or purse, or tucked inside a book.? What words are soothing and inspiring for you?? Write them down in a journal or on index cards.? You can also include lists on the cards.? For example, you may want to list some challenges you have already overcome, or goals you have already achieved.? These will serve as reminders that you have within you the capacity to overcome, and encourage you to dream once again.? In addition to making your own cards, there are many card decks available that contain uplifting messages on one side with a suggestion, or practice to implement the message, on the other.? The ones below are from a?card deck called ?Inspiration? by Dr. Wayne Dyer.

Between cards, letters, and journals, you?ll have plenty of options for keeping yourself surrounded by positive messages that help you focus on the direction you are trying to go.

Get Outdoors

Connecting with nature is one of the most soothing things we can do for ourselves.? Going for a walk and breathing fresh air will move?the?lymphatic system, encourage processing of waste (including toxic emotions), get life-enhancing oxygen into our lungs, and hopefully ? get a little Vitamin D onto our skin.? Healing sunshine, cleansing fresh air, and natural vistas provide a?calm for the senses and support for our physical and mental health.? Research into nature deficit disorder and horticultural therapy?indicate that?we require a connection to nature in order to?be happy, healthy, and function optimally.

The sounds and fragrances in nature also provide healing benefits.? When you can?t be outside, try bringing some of your favorite natural fragrances indoors.

If you like to burn candles, look for natural waxes (such as beeswax or soy candles) with cotton wicks and scented with essentail oils.? Many commercial candles burn carcinogens into the air, so look for ones that will not be harmful to inhale.? Alternately, just rub a few drops of essential oil on your wrists, dab some behind your ears, or add some drops to a bath.? You can even sprinkle some onto a pillow to induce calm and rest.? Lavender is credited with removing nervous tension and relieving pain.? Some therapeutic benefits?of orange oil include uplifting, anti-depressant-like properties that are soothing to the mind.? Essential oils benefit the body and spirit in a wide variety of ways.??So if you have an interest in natural health and know that you are prone to experiencing calm or joy via fragrance, you may want to have some favorites in your own self-care kit.

Listen To Healing Sounds

The trickle of a waterfall, crashing surf on the ocean, and birdsong are a few natural sound delights.? The?benefits of sound therapy are clinically proven to enhance our relaxation, sleep, and moods.? But once again, if you can?t get to the soothing sounds of nature, bring them to you via a ?nature sounds? music collection or?

Make Or Listen To Uplifting Music

Music we love puts us in an up-beat mood.? It makes working out more fun and assists our parties and celebrations.? Countless studies have been done on the positive effects of classical music on plants, animals, and people.

?Everyone has a song or two (or ten) that gets?their toes tapping and fingers snapping.? We smile or sing along and feel happier when we hear these songs.? Research has confirmed that listening to classical and uplifiting music can boost our immunity, improve focus, help control pain, reduce anxiety, and elevate positive feelings.? Just like the old fashioned mixed tape, we can assemble a music collection specifically dedicated to songs that make us happy and inspire us.

Resurrect a Childhood Dream

A lot of life?s?anxieties come from?putting the things that really make us feel alive onto the back burner.? We never quite get around to the?activites that bring us the most joy.? I love to draw, paint, and write.? My paint set-up takes a little more time, so I always have pencils nearby for sketching in case I don?t have time for painting.? I used to think writing took up a great deal of time until a writing instructor taught me how to set a timer and just write, anything that came to mind, if only for 5 minutes.? It got things flowing and before I knew it I was trained to actively engage in joyful activites, even if they were only in five?or ten minute increments.

Start a Self Care Fund

Many families today (including mine) live on a budget.? One way to indulge in some favorite self-care activities that aren?t free, is to start a little self care fund.? My daughter and I like to go on mommy-daughter dates and one of our favorites is to a local tea room.? It doesn?t take much saved up spare change for us to enjoy a tea party together.? Sipping a warm cup of tea on a cold day somehow makes time slow down and?allows for precious, focused interaction and girl time.? She seems to?understand and?appreciate?this ritual of ours and it has the same calming effect on her as it does on me.

There?s a saying that the time to dig a well is before you are thirsty.? The same idea applies to self care; don?t wait for life to knock you down before you start to build yourself up.? Perhaps you can start a?TLC fund today, set that timer for 5 minutes to devote to an activity you enjoy, or just go outside on a brisk walk and take a deep breath of fresh air.? Assemble your self care kit and keep it by your bedside or other dedicated space.

Over time, these habits will build and grow into more positive changes and your life will increase in joy and beauty ? simply because you decided to focus on it and?know that you are worth it!

My most fervent wish is that no one would have to experience disappointment, sorrow, pain,?or loss?

But in case you do,?perhaps you?ll come back to this post and try one or two of the tips to help yourself feel better.

If you have any tips, tools, or resources that you have used to get yourself through a down day, a slump, or a crisis, please feel free to share them in the comments below.

Hugs,

Source: http://www.howdoesshe.com/nurturing-you-part-two-tlc-for-the-weary/

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TSX turns positive, bank earnings drive gains

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Carrie Fisher, who played Princess Leia in the original "Star Wars" trilogy, was briefly hospitalized due to her bipolar disorder, the actress' spokeswoman said on Tuesday after video emerged of Fisher giving an unusual stage performance. The video came from a show Fisher gave aboard a cruise ship in the Caribbean last week, according to celebrity website TMZ, which posted the clip. The clip shows Fisher, 56, singing "Skylark" and "Bridge Over Troubled Waters," at times appearing to struggle to remember the lyrics. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tsx-may-open-higher-bank-earnings-top-forecasts-134724672--sector.html

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Poland finds signs of horse meat at three warehouses

WARSAW (Reuters) - Polish authorities found signs of horse DNA in beef stored at three storage facilities after several countries pointed to Poland as one of the sources of tainted meat that has shaken up the European food industry.

Officials in Ireland, Britain, Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic have reported that products such as burgers and lasagne contained horsemeat that originated from facilities in Poland.

Poland's General Veterinary Inspectorate said in a statement late on Wednesday it found three tainted samples from 121 tested, with 80 more to be examined.

Polish officials had previously said they found no signs of horse meat at all abattoirs tested.

A European scandal erupted last month when tests in Ireland revealed some beef products contained horse meat, triggering recalls of ready-made meals in several countries and damaging confidence in Europe's vast and complex food industry.

Poland exports 330,000 metric tons of beef products annually, or more than three-quarters of its total production, mainly to other European Union members.

(Reporting by Chris Borowski; Editing by Alison Williams)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/poland-finds-signs-horse-meat-three-warehouses-081621401--finance.html

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HBT: Minor leaguer talks about PED pressure

While most of you like to call me a steroids apologist, the fact of the matter is that I am not pro-steroids. I am anti-hysteria and distortion. I am also against a baseball writing community that overwhelmingly thinks that the most worrisome and therefore most newsworthy aspect of PEDs in baseball is what it means for the record books and the Hall of Fame when there are far more important implications of PED use.

If you don?t believe me, allow me to quote myself from April 2007 ? the very month I began blogging about baseball on a regular basis. It was around that time ? months before the Mitchell Report came out ? that Kirk Radomski was making news and the names of some marginal players to whom he dealt were coming out. ?I opined then that, once we know more about PEDs in baseball, we?ll see that it?s likely a bigger problem among those marginal players ? the guys trying to crack the bigs or hang on; the 26th man in the organization who feels he need that extra oomph ? than it is among superstars:

I don?t say this in an effort to minimize the steroid problem. Indeed, minor?leaguers?and players who aren?t superstars constitute the vast majority of professional ballplayers. If my theory holds, the problem could be far greater than that which is portrayed by sportswriters who like to caricature only the most prolific sluggers as juicers. If I?m right, our concern over records and the Hall of Fame would seem pretty petty in comparison to the scores of regular?Joes?who are ruining their health as they walk the line between a lifetime of comfort and a?job at a warehouse. Players that the steroid moralizers in the media almost uniformly ignore.

Now, I got a few things wrong back then, of course. I probably underestimated the number of superstars who used PEDs and I hilariously lumped Alex Rodriguez in with the non-users because that?s the best information anyone had back then. But I think the dynamic still holds: it?s a way, way bigger moral problem for a marginal player to feel like he has no choice but to take steroids than it is ?for an already great baseball player to feel like he should take steroids to break some records.

This doesn?t mean that the superstars aren?t cheaters if they take PEDs and it doesn?t mean that they shouldn?t be held to account. What I?m getting at is that, in the great baseball conversation about PEDs, we should not care nearly as much as we do about records and legacies and we should care far more about what PEDs are doing down at the lower levels of baseball. ?We should spill way less ink about who we think ?the real Home Run King? is ? as if that matters ? and think way harder about those frequent minor league suspensions and what they mean to the people who are faced with the choice to take dangerous drugs or wind up out of baseball.

Against that backdrop is this excellent column from Eric Knott. Knott pitched 11 years in the minors and 24 games in the majors. He is the quintessential borderline guy who, if he had an extra couple of miles per hour on his heater, may have stuck. ?But he didn?t get those miles per hour, and he didn?t try PEDs in an effort to do so.

Knott gives a fascinating, clear-eyed and detailed rundown of the environment in baseball during the height of the Steroid Era, as well as what factored into his decisions about whether to use.

It?s an absolute must-read. There?s more useful information in this piece than anything that can be found in the Mitchell Report or the latest bombastic anti-PEDs screen from Johnny Sportswriter.

Source: http://hardballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/02/26/must-click-link-a-career-minor-leaguer-talks-about-the-ped-pressure-felt-by-the-non-superstars/related/

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Source: http://sewickley.patch.com/events/pens-games-specials-at-rooks-east-side-saloon

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Live from ASUS' press event at MWC 2013!

So far, we don't know much about what ASUS will be announcing here at Mobile World Congress, but we do know it has something to do with a spaceship landing on top of Barcelona's La Sagrada Familia. And also, a statue of Columbus talking on the phone in Spanish. Obviously, dockable gadgets are key -- in fact, if you watch that second video, ASUS even uses the tagline "Pad and Phone come together." So we're gonna go out on a limb and say a new PadFone is in order. But what about the specs? And how about some new Transformer tablets? Only one way to find out: stay tuned as we report live from the company's MWC press event, happening right now.

February 25, 2013 7:00 AM EST

Filed under: Cellphones, Laptops, Tablets, ASUS

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Battered Monti may still be key player in Italy vote

ROME (Reuters) - Prime Minister Mario Monti has put his image as an independent technocrat at risk by joining the hurly-burly of Italy's election campaign but investors hope he will retain a key role in government after the vote, whatever the outcome.

Monti's centrist bloc is expected to come a lowly fourth in the election on Sunday and Monday, which polls suggest will be won by the center-left, but it may still be needed to help form a stable government.

Whatever happens, the former economics professor will be remembered for helping to save Italy from a perilous debt crisis thanks to his personal credibility and decisive action to shore up public finances.

Opinions differ over the merits of his policies, but in just one year of office he restored Italy's international standing and made progress in reforming key areas such as pensions and the labor market.

He also won the admiration, if not the affection, of most Italians, who appreciated his professorial manner and expertise even while they felt the pain of his tax hikes.

All that may have led him to overplay his hand at the end of last year when, after months of denial followed by weeks of indecision, Monti announced that instead of leaving front-line politics he would seek a second term.

The aura of the respected, non-partisan technocrat vanished almost overnight and at the age of 69, Monti embarked on an unlikely new career as a campaigning politician, a role for which he immediately seemed strikingly ill-suited.

His attempt to present his "Civic Choice" as a breath of fresh air on Italy's political scene has been undermined by his choice of coalition allies, political veterans many Italians see as typical representatives of old and discredited parties.

At the same time his campaigning style has wavered uneasily between maintaining an austere, authoritative image and trying to appear more likeable by cuddling puppies, downing beers and playing stiffly on the carpet with his grandchildren.

He has also appeared uncomfortable and out of character trading insults with his opponents and has committed a number of gaffes, including suggesting that German Chancellor Angela Merkel did not want his center-left rivals to win the election.

Such efforts have reaped little reward. The most recent polls put Monti's alliance in fourth place with 13 percent of the vote behind Pier Luigi Bersani's center-left, Silvio Berlusconi's center-right and the anti-establishment 5-Star Movement led by comedian Beppe Grillo.

Persistent murmurings since a poll black-out two weeks before the vote suggest that Monti is losing even more ground, mainly in favor of Grillo.

SAVAGED BY BERLUSCONI

Clearly in difficulty, Monti has transformed his policy positions to try to improve his fortunes, with escalating promises of tax cuts which seem out of line with his record of fiscal rigor while in office.

But after being widely revered as prime minister he has been savaged as a candidate, especially by Berlusconi who has put his renowned campaigning skills to good effect, reeling off data to show how his policies have hurt the economy.

"Berlusconi has attacked and destroyed Monti's image in the eyes of the Italians," said prominent pollster Nicola Piepoli.

Yet despite all this, investors inside and outside Italy still see the former European Commissioner as an anchor of stability and believe his coalition offers the best prospects for the kind of structural reforms that Italy's stagnant economy needs.

It is likely that a fragmented result would mean Bersani needs to join forces with Monti in order to govern.

What this would mean for Monti remains to be seen. When he entered the race he said he aimed to remain prime minister and virtually ruled out the idea of serving as a minister under anyone else. But his many supporters will hope that he can swallow his pride and agree to serve as economy minister.

Otherwise he may have a chance of succeeding Giorgio Napolitano as state president after the election or, perhaps more likely, of taking a top job in the European Union.

The positions of European Commission president held by Jose Manuel Barroso and European Council President occupied by Herman Van Rompuy both fall vacant in 2014.

(Editing by Sonya Hepinstall)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/battered-monti-may-still-key-player-italy-vote-100642487--business.html

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NBA: Miami 114, Philadelphia 90

Published: Feb. 23, 2013 at 10:59 PM

PHILADELPHIA, Feb. 23 (UPI) -- Dwyane Wade was deadly accurate Saturday, sinking 14-of-18 shots from the field on his way to 33 points in the Miami Heat's 114-90 win over Philadelphia.

LeBron James turned in a triple-double of 16 points, 10 rebounds and 11 assists to help Miami rack up its 10th straight victory.

Mario Chalmers put in another 14 points and Chris Bosh added 13 as the Heat continued their dominance of the 76ers with their 12th consecutive triumph in the series.

The Sixers, meanwhile, dropped their fourth straight overall despite 21 points and six assists from Jrue Holiday.

Nick Young (19 points) and Evan Turner (16, seven rebounds, five assists) also reached double figures for Philadelphia.

Source: http://www.upi.com/Sports_News/2013/02/23/NBA-Miami-114-Philadelphia-90/UPI-33861361678365/

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'Sequester' standoff need not be win-lose

Americans, not just politicians, are torn by so many choices in the budget standoff, now called the 'sequester.' One way for President Obama and Congress to avoid the consequences of sequestration is to adopt the concept of 'settling,' as put forth by one political theorist.

By the Monitor's Editorial Board / February 24, 2013

Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer speaks to a reporter before a meeting of the National Governors Association Feb. 23. Washington's budget stalemate could seriously undermine the US economy, the exasperated governors said.

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Americans identify with people who are strivers. It is a trait anchored in ?the pursuit of happiness.? But personal striving can often lead to public strife. Take the ?sequester? and its March 1 deadline for Congress to avoid big budget cuts.

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The sequestration battle is a prime example of a government failure to sort out the conflicting demands on the public purse from so many strivers. A new Pew survey, for instance, finds Americans can?t agree on what to cut in federal spending ? health, military, education, etc. How then can President Obama and the 535 voting members of Congress ever compromise?

But the excessive demands of strivers don?t usually have the same effect on local government. How is it that most cities, towns, and counties are able to settle their differences and balance their budgets? Why this difference between the federal and the local?

One answer lies in that word ? settle.

In a recent book entitled ?Settling,? political theorist Robert E. Goodin explores when and how we should settle in order to free ourselves to better discern and focus on our strivings. He suggests we ?prune our decision tree? as a way to achieve reconciliation and to strive better.

At the local level, voters and their representatives are less boggled by complexity and more familiar with issues. Local officials aren?t as paralyzed by choices, as many consumers are in a food store when they face a hundred brands of breakfast cereal.

Mr. Goodin, an American and philosophy professor at the University of Essex, in England, seeks to elevate settling to a virtue, in part to reduce the fear of making a wrong choice in a complex world.

Settling, he says, is not in opposition to striving but necessary for it. It is not resignation or agreeing to an unwanted prospect. It is a let-it-be-for-now ideal ? with an emphasis on the ?for now.? It is humility based on patience and an improved perception of goals.

Excessive striving can lead to disaster, such as that of the doomed Antarctic expedition of explorer Robert Scott. But striving tempered by settling can lead to victory, such as Mao Zedong?s Long March (a tactical and temporary retreat).

Modern technologies, such as the Internet and smart phones, have enhanced the tendency for restless desire and extreme behavior ? or ?chasing rabbits,? as Goodin says. People are in need of a more coherent life with fixed constants that can create trust and allow agreement, he says.

Mr. Obama, he points out, has evolved from the candidate of 2008 with lofty rhetoric and many goals to the president of 2013 who has learned to focus on fewer goals and knows when to settle.

The same sort of settling must happen with members of Congress if Washington is to end its fiscal crisis. Too many of them, both Democrats and Republican, are striving to an extreme, often to please narrow interests, and too often in many directions at once. The closest that the nation came recently to a fiscal settling was the 2010 deficit reduction panel known as Simpson-Bowles, a bipartisan letting-go of set positions ? for now.

Settling is not making a habit of making do ? of being only ?good enough? ? forever. It is interim deprivation on purpose. It is a prudent art that can be used in public debates about government. It is a value to be cherished and perfected as much as striving.

In order to strive, Goodin advises, we must settle. That common quality need not be an uncommon virtue.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/xvR0KUa23PE/Sequester-standoff-need-not-be-win-lose

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If you?re looking to purchase a great used car, you?ve come to the right place. At GMT Auto Sales - West we pride ourselves on being the most reliable and trustworthy O'Fallon, MO used car dealers around. Our inventory is filled with some of the sweetest rides you?ve ever seen and they?re all reasonably priced too!

The O'Fallon, MO Used Car Dealer you can count on

We?re the kind of O'Fallon, MO, St. Peters, MO, Wentzville, MO dealer that takes the time to listen to the wants and needs of our clients. We understand that buying a car is a process that takes a certain amount of careful consideration. There are several important factors to take into account when choosing a car:

How many people do you drive with every day?

How far do you drive on a daily basis?

What kind of terrain or traffic do you need to tackle?

What does your gasoline budget look like?

Are you looking for a sports car or would you prefer a family friendly vehicle?

How much money are you looking to spend on your pre-owned car?

Do you need financial assistance?

It?s a lot to wrap your head around but at GMT Auto Sales - West we do our best to make the car buying experience an easy one. We?re the kind of O'Fallon, MO pre-owned car dealer that helps you decide exactly what you?re looking for. We won?t ever make a sale that our customers will end up being unhappy with. We?re proud to be the type of O'Fallon, MO Used Car, St. Peters, MO Used Car, Wentzville, MO?Used Car dealer that strives for 100% customer satisfaction.

Great Prices on Used Cars for Everyone

We?re the O'Fallon, MO used auto dealership that caters for a whole variety of clientele. We understand that all of our clients have different financial situations and have done our best to ensure that our cars come in a variety of different shapes and sizes, and that their price tags vary as well. We have an amazing selection of pre-owned vehicles that are fantastic.

Because our customers are so important to us, we?ll also take the time to find you some great financing options if you need them. At some point in our lives we all need a little financial boost, and at GMT Auto Sales - West we do our best to find a reasonable loan that enables you to purchase the car you?ve always dreamed of.

Our range of services includes:

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Car Loans and Auto Financing

If you would like to get in touch with us please don?t hesitate to give us a call or stop by for a visit. We have also set up several quick links to help you filter our website. Just click on any of the search sections to easily navigate our O'Fallon, MO Dealer Website.

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Source: http://www.gmtautowest.com/2008-Ford-Explorer-OFallon-MO/vd/13263049

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Analysis: As cyberthreat looms, here's what matters

By Michael Leiter, Security Analyst, NBC News

The past several weeks have seen an explosion of news about United States cybersecurity. First, stories about Chinese cyberattacks. Next, the president?s historic reference to cybersecurity in the State of the Union address. Finally, more stories about Chinese cyberespionage. If one is in the business of national security, these and other stories represent identifiable parts of a larger, cohesive story. But for the lay reader, discerning that larger story is more challenging. What is old news? What is new? And what lies ahead?

The old news: the scale, types, and sources of the attacks

According to a recent Washington Post article, a new U.S. government intelligence assessment describes the massive scale of cyberattacks by nation states (most notably, by China), criminal organizations, and individuals. Although it is fair to say that the scale, scope, and sophistication of such attacks have increased over the past several years, the basics have largely remained the same. The U.S. government and affected commercial sectors have been well aware of these threats. All too many industries ? information technology, defense, energy, advanced manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, law, non-governmental organizations, and the media, to name a few ? have been attacked, and in the most sophisticated cases the perpetrators have been traced back to China. Even the most technologically able of companies, such as Google and defense contractors, have found Chinese cyberattackers resident in their networks. Intruders have been able to steal enormous amounts of sensitive and valuable information. The combined result of this U.S.-to-China illicit exfiltration is what one official has called ?the greatest transfer of wealth in history.??

Also in the ?old news? category is that not all attacks are about stealing. In less common but more immediately disruptive cases, state-sponsored cyberattackers ? most notably from Iran ? have caused significant harm to computer networks. Specifically, last fall attackers disrupted U.S. financial institutions? networks, making some websites temporarily inaccessible. Even more destructively, Iranian cyberattackers rendered inoperable 30,000 computers at the world?s largest oil company, Saudi Aramco. These attacks illustrate what cyber professionals have long known: cyberattacks ? especially against critical infrastructure ? can easily turn from silent burgling to serious disruptions or destruction.?

The new news: exactly who is attacking us, and presidential action

The past several weeks have also highlighted new developments in cyberwarfare, most significantly exactly who the attackers are and more forceful executive branch efforts to combat cyberattacks.? ???

On the first, a report this week by the network security company Mandiant concluded that a significant number of sophisticated attacks originated not just from China, but likely were perpetrated by the Chinese military. Although this may not be new to many ?on the inside,? the public attribution to the People?s Liberation Army (PLA) with a highly detailed description of their modus operandi as well as individuals involved is something we have not seen publicly before. There are real risks to this disclosure, as it will undoubtedly drive the PLA to pursue new tactics to avoid detection, but Mandiant (and many others) clearly believe that those risks are outweighed by the value of highlighting China?s efforts.

On the second point, there has indeed been a flurry of presidential activity over the past two weeks. Most significantly, the president?s executive order sought to maximize what federal departments could do absent legislation. The executive order specifically seeks to improve classified and unclassified information-sharing between the government and private sector, prioritize the protection of critical infrastructure (e.g., our electrical grid), and develop voluntary private sector standards for cyberdefense. The administration has also announced a government-wide effort to combat the theft of trade secrets from U.S. companies. This is significant in that it is the first high-profile and consolidated public statement ? quite clearly focused on China ? that contemplates more forceful legal and trade action against China should it not alter its behavior.

What lies ahead: legislation, confrontation, destruction?

Where then does this leave us? I expect major developments on at least three fronts.?

First, legislation. Although the executive order is a first step, most recognize that legislation is necessary to enhance our cyberdefenses. Specifically, only legislation can provide companies immunity for providing cybersecurity-related information to the government. In addition, only legislation can clarify who in the government ? the Departments of Defense, Justice, Homeland Security, and Intelligence Community, among others ? should or must have access to the private sector information that is provided to officials. There are, of course, difficult questions embedded in these high-level issues: Will such information sharing affect the privacy of ordinary citizens? How will the federal bureaucracy (and federal workforce) keep pace with rapid technological change? More broadly, will the focus on information-sharing provide enough defense against a smart, determined adversary for whom economic espionage is a national imperative?

Second, confrontation. Assuming ? and I think it is a very solid assumption ? that cyberdefense can never do enough to protect networks, to what degree will the U.S. (and other nations) confront China (and other large-scale cyberattackers) to convince them to limit their use of cybertheft? Although the new administration strategy suggests greater forcefulness, the proof will be in the pudding. Neither the United States nor other nations can afford to view China through a singular cyberlens given our deep economic ties and reliance on their support for global hotspots like North Korea. In addition, to what degree will private companies who look to China as a massive emerging market be willing to proclaim publicly that their secrets have been stolen by China or others? I expect to see continued confrontation with China over these matters, but I?m less sanguine that we will be able to seriously alter its current cybercalculus.

Third, destruction. While the present focus has been largely on economic loss, we must not lose sight of the very real risk of destructive cyberattacks. As already noted, Iranian-sponsored cyberattacks effectively destroyed computers in Saudi Arabia, as well as computers at RasGas in Qatar. Using cybertools, determined adversaries can disrupt industrial control systems that govern our critical infrastructure, to include electrical, water, telecommunications, and air traffic control systems. In an armed conflict with a country like Iran, we will have to be prepared for such attacks; if Iran is willing to disrupt U.S. banking institutions today, then we would be foolish to think they would not be willing to do more in the midst of a hot war. And although Iran may not possess sufficiently skilled cyberwarriors to cause serious harm, we must remember that other, non-state actors might well be willing to assist in the fight if the price is right. Warning of a ?cyber Pearl Harbor? is in my view a bit too alarmist, but we must nevertheless recognize ? and mitigate ? what is a clear, nationwide vulnerability today.?

Michael Leiter was director of the United States National Counterterrorism Center under Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, serving from 2007 through 2011. He is a counterterrorism, cybersecurity and national security analyst for NBC News.

Source: http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/22/17057322-analysis-as-cyberthreat-looms-heres-what-really-matters?lite

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President meets Gemayel, reiterates call for new vote law

BEIRUT: President Michel Sleiman and Kataeb leader Amin Gemayel discussed Friday the controversial issue of electoral law after the approval of the Orthodox Gathering?s proposal this week sparked criticism in the country, a statement from the president? press office said.

According to the statement, the president reiterated his call for a constitutional electoral law that ensures fair representation for all Lebanese groups.

The statement also said that Gemayel briefed the president on Thursday?s Maronite leaders meeting in Bkirki ?in a bid to find an electoral law that would satisfy the majority of Lebanese.?

Following the meeting chaired by Patriarch Beshara Rai, rival Maronite leaders said they were open to any proposal that ensured true political representation for Christians.

The meeting was called by the patriarch in an attempt to ease tension recently stirred by the joint parliamentary committees? approval of the Orthodox proposal.

The proposal, which is backed by the country?s four major Christian parties, Amal and Hezbollah, is in return rejected by the president, Prime Minister Najib Mikati, the Future Movement, Progressive Socialist Party and independent Christian politicians.

The Orthodox law projects Lebanon as one district based on proportional representation and allows each sect to elect its own lawmakers.

Those opposing the Orthodox law argue that it would lead to further sectarian divisions in the country.

The president has repeatedly labeled the Orthodox bid as ?unconstitutional? and said that he will challenge such a law if it is approved by Parliament.

Source: http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-22/207516-president-meets-gemayel-reiterates-call-for-new-vote-law.ashx

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Germany?s Merkel Under Fire for Jump in Military Exports to Gulf Region

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://www.myantiwar.org/view/250618.html

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Ga. executes man who killed college students

This undated file photo provided by the Georgia Department of Corrections shows inmate Andrew Allen Cook. The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles has denied clemency in the case of a death row inmate set to be executed on Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013. Cook was convicted in the 1995 slayings of two Mercer University students. Grant Patrick Hendrickson and Michele Lee Cartagena were shot several times as they sat in a car at Lake Juliette, in Georgia. (AP Photo/Georgia Dept. of Corrections)

This undated file photo provided by the Georgia Department of Corrections shows inmate Andrew Allen Cook. The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles has denied clemency in the case of a death row inmate set to be executed on Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013. Cook was convicted in the 1995 slayings of two Mercer University students. Grant Patrick Hendrickson and Michele Lee Cartagena were shot several times as they sat in a car at Lake Juliette, in Georgia. (AP Photo/Georgia Dept. of Corrections)

JACKSON, Ga. (AP) ? A 38-year-old inmate convicted of killing two college students in 1995 was executed in Georgia on Thursday, apologizing to the families of both victims before being injected at a state prison.

Andrew Allen Cook was pronounced dead at 11:22 p.m., about 14 minutes after he was injected with the sedative pentobarbital. He was the first inmate to be executed since the state changed its procedure in July from a three-drug combination to a single dose.

With his last words, he apologized to the families of Mercer University students Grant Patrick Hendrickson, 22, and Michele Lee Cartagena, 19, who were shot several times as they sat in a car at Lake Juliette, which is about 75 miles south of Atlanta. He said what he did was senseless.

"I'm sorry," Cook said as he was strapped to a gurney. "I'm not going to ask you to forgive me. I can't even do it myself."

He also thanked his family for "their support, for being with me and I'm sorry I took so much from you all."

The Georgia Appeals Court on Wednesday temporarily stayed Cook's execution to consider a challenge to the state's lethal injection procedure. But the Georgia Supreme Court lifted the stay Thursday and all other appeals were exhausted.

Cook's lawyers have argued at various stages in their appeals of his death sentence that he suffered from mental illness and was being treated for depression up to the time of his death.

Mary Hendrickson, the mother of one of the victims, recently told television station WMAZ-TV in Macon she's been waiting 18 years for justice.

"I think that's what it was: the devil's work," she said. "When all that is going on, I was just thinking to myself: 'Well, the devil is not going to win. He's not going to win over my heart. He is not going to win.'"

The single-drug injection began at about 11:08 p.m. Cook blinked his eyes a few times, and his eyes soon got heavy. His chest was heaving for about two or three minutes as his eyes closed. Not too long after, two doctors examined him and nodded and Carl Humphrey, warden of the state prison in Jackson, who announced the time of death.

Corrections officials said Thursday evening that Cook had received visits from family earlier in the day and ate the last meal he had requested ? steak, a baked potato, potato wedges, fried shrimp, lemon meringue pie and soda.

A jury sentenced Cook to death after he was convicted in the January 2, 1995 slayings at Lake Juliette. Cook wasn't charged until more than two years later. He confessed to his father, a Macon FBI agent who ended up testifying at his son's trial.

The Georgia Bureau of Investigation reached out to John Cook in December 1995 because they were interested in speaking to his son. When he called his then-22-year-old son to tell him the GBI wanted to talk to him, he had no idea the younger man was considered a suspect.

"I said, 'Andy, the GBI is looking for you concerning the Lake Juliette homicide. Do you know anything about it?'" John Cook testified at his son's trial in March 1998. "He said, 'Daddy, I can't tell you. You're one of them. ... You're a cop.'"

Eventually, Andrew Cook told his father that he knew about the slayings, that he was there and that he knew who shot the couple, John Cook recalled.

"I just felt like the world was crashing in on me. But I felt maybe he was there and just saw what happened," he said. "I then asked, 'Did you shoot them?'

"After a pause on the phone, he said, 'Yes.'"

As a law enforcement officer, John Cook said he was forced to call his supervisor and contacted the Monroe County sheriff.

At the trial, as he walked away from the stand, the distraught father mouthed "I'm sorry" to the victims' families who were sitting on the front row of the courtroom. Several members of both families acknowledged his apology.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-02-22-US-Georgia-Execution/id-5bdb029dcc7d419b8c1ed4319bd0a131

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Formation of nanoparticles can now be studied molecule-by-molecule

Public release date: 22-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Markku Kulmala
markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi
University of Helsinki

The study combines the cycles of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon in the ecosystem, as it shows that the molecular clusters need sulphuric acid, amines and oxygenated organics for growth. When the clusters reach a size of 1.5-2 nm, their growth increases considerably. The measurements were conducted at the University of Helsinki SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) measurement station in Hyytil, southern Finland, which is among the most comprehensive stations in the world for atmosphere and biosphere research.

During the last five years, the researchers at the University of Helsinki Physics Department have developed a Particle Size Magnifier (PSM), which is the first particle counter able to detect clusters and particles as small as 1 nm in diameter. The instrument is commercially available through the spin-off company Airmodus. The scientists have also put effort into developing mass spectrometric methods for measuring the composition of the recently born clusters. The results in this study would not have been achieved without this technical development.

Professor Kulmala predicted the existence of neutral molecular clusters already in the year 2000 and their growth mechanisms in 2004.

He says: "Years of systematical research are now bearing fruit. My theoretical predictions have been proven to reflect the reality."

He stresses that knowledge of the formation and growth mechanisms of nanoparticles is needed for understanding the interactions within the climate system. Assessing the global impact requires an extensive data bank and a world-wide observation network.

###

Further information: Markku Kulmala, University of Helsinki, tel. +358 40 596 2311.

Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation, Science, 22.2.2013, Manuscript Number: science.1227385

Best regards,

Minna Merilinen-Tenhu, press officer, minna.merilainen@helsinki.fi, tel. +358 50 415 0316

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 22-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Markku Kulmala
markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi
University of Helsinki

The study combines the cycles of sulphur, nitrogen and carbon in the ecosystem, as it shows that the molecular clusters need sulphuric acid, amines and oxygenated organics for growth. When the clusters reach a size of 1.5-2 nm, their growth increases considerably. The measurements were conducted at the University of Helsinki SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations) measurement station in Hyytil, southern Finland, which is among the most comprehensive stations in the world for atmosphere and biosphere research.

During the last five years, the researchers at the University of Helsinki Physics Department have developed a Particle Size Magnifier (PSM), which is the first particle counter able to detect clusters and particles as small as 1 nm in diameter. The instrument is commercially available through the spin-off company Airmodus. The scientists have also put effort into developing mass spectrometric methods for measuring the composition of the recently born clusters. The results in this study would not have been achieved without this technical development.

Professor Kulmala predicted the existence of neutral molecular clusters already in the year 2000 and their growth mechanisms in 2004.

He says: "Years of systematical research are now bearing fruit. My theoretical predictions have been proven to reflect the reality."

He stresses that knowledge of the formation and growth mechanisms of nanoparticles is needed for understanding the interactions within the climate system. Assessing the global impact requires an extensive data bank and a world-wide observation network.

###

Further information: Markku Kulmala, University of Helsinki, tel. +358 40 596 2311.

Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation, Science, 22.2.2013, Manuscript Number: science.1227385

Best regards,

Minna Merilinen-Tenhu, press officer, minna.merilainen@helsinki.fi, tel. +358 50 415 0316

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/uoh-fon022213.php

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COMPUTER INNOVATIONS: MOBILE COMPUTING

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Mobile Computing? Mobile Computing is a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a computer or any other wireless enabled device without having to be connected to a fixed physical link.

The main concept involves:

1. ? ? ? ? ?Mobile communication
2. ? ? ? ? ?Mobile hardware
3. ? ? ? ? ?Mobile software

? ? ? ? The mobile communication in this case, refers to the infrastructure put in place to ensure that seamless and reliable communication goes on. These would include devices such as Protocols, Services, Bandwidth, and Portals necessary to facilitate and support of the stated services. The data format is also defined at this stage. This ensures that there is no collision with other existing systems which offer the same service. Since the media is unguided/unbounded, the overlaying infrastructure is more of radio wave oriented. That is, the signals are carried over the air to intended devices that are capable of receiving and sending similar kinds of signals.

Mobile hardware

Mobile hardware includes mobile devices or device components that receive or access the service of mobility. They would range from Portable laptops, Smartphones, Tablet Pc's, Personal Digital Assistants. These devices will have receptor medium that are capable of sensing and receiving signals. These devices are configured to operate in full- duplex, whereby they are capable of sending and receiving signals at the same time. They don't have to wait until one device has finished communicating for the other device to initiate communications.

Mobile software

Mobile software is the actual program that run on the mobile hardware. It deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications. This is the engine of that mobile device. In other terms, it is the operating system of that appliance. It's the essential component that makes the mobile device operate.
Since portability is the main factor, this type of computing ensures that users are not?tied or pinned?to a single physical location, but are able to operate from anywhere. It will incorporate all aspects of wireless communications. In today's computing world, different technologies have come up. These have grown to support existing computer networks all over the world. With mobile computing, we find that the need to be confined within one physical location has been eradicated. We hear of terms such as tele commuting. This is being able to work from home or the field but at the same time accessing resources as if one is in the office. The emergence of portable computers and laptops, personal digital Assistants (PDA), PC Tablets and Smartphones, has in turn made mobile computing very convenient. The portability of the devices ensures and enables user to access all services as if they were in the internal network of their company. For example, the use of Tablet Pc and Ipads. This new technology enables users to update documents, surf the internet, send and receive e-mail, stream live video files, take photographs and also support video and voice conferencing. The constant and ever increasing demand for superior and robust smart devices has been as a catalyst for market share. Each manufacturer is trying to curve a niche of themselves in the market. These devices are invented and innovated to provide top of the class applications and services. With cellular phones, different manufacturers have come up with unique Smartphones that are capable of performing the same tasks as computers and at the same processing speed. The market share for different competitors is constantly being fought for. For example the manufacturers of Apple's Iphone OS, Google's Android' Microsoft Windows Mobile, Research In Motion's Blackberry OS, are constantly competing to offer better products with each release.

• The need for better, portable, affordable, and robust has also made these vendors to constantly be innovative.?
• Market figure and statistics show an ever rapidly growing need to purchase and use such devices for either professional or home use.?
• Since technology is driven by market needs, it's in this light that services suited for a long term implementation are developed or innovated.?
• This has also pushed other industry vendors to adopt services that will provide better service delivery.?
• For example, cellular service providers are forced to improve and be innovative to capture more subscribers.?
• This can be in terms of superior services such as high speed internet and data access, voice and video service etc. hence the adoption of different generations of networks like of 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G networks services.
• The essence of mobile computing is to work from any location.?
• The use of Ipads, Tablets, Smartphones, and notes books, have in turn pushed the demand for these devices.?
• Modern day workers have such devices that enable them carry out their work from the confines or comfort of their present location.?
• These devices are configured to access and store large amounts of vital data.?
• Executive and top management can act of decisions based of ready information without going to the office.?
• For example, sales reports and market forecasts can be accessed through this devices or meeting carried out via video or audio conferencing through the device. With such features being high in demand, manufacturers are always and constantly coming up with applications geared to supporting different service delivery in terms of mobile computing.

Mobile computing is not limited to Mobile Phones only, but also there are various gadgets available in the market helping mobile computing. They are usually classified in the following categories:

Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)

The main purpose of this device was to act as an electronic organizer or day planner that is portable, easy to use and. capable of sharing information with your with a computer systems. PDA was an extension of the PC, not a replacement. These systems were capable of sharing information with a computer system through a process or service known as synchronization. Where both devices will access each other to check for changes or updates in the individual devices. The use of infrared and Bluetooth connections enabled these devices to always be synchronized. With PDA devices, a user could; browsers the internet, listen to audio clips, watch video clips, edit and modify office documents, and many more services. They had a stylus and a touch sensitive screen for input and output purposes.

Smartphones

This kind of phone combines the features of a PDA with that of a mobile phone or camera phone. It has a superior edge over other kinds of mobile phones. Smartphone have the capability to run multiple programs concurrently. These phones include high-resolution touch enabled screens, web browsers that can access and properly display standard web pages rather than just mobile-optimized sites, and high-speed data access via Wi-Fi and high speed cellular broadband. The most common mobile operating systems (OS) used by modern Smartphones include Google's Android, Apple's iOS, Nokia's Symbian, RIM's BlackBerry OS, Samsung's Bada, Microsoft's Windows Phone, and embedded Linux distributions such as Maemo and MeeGo. Such operating systems can be installed on many different phone models, and typically each device can receive multiple OS software updates over its lifetime.

Tablet PC and I-Pads

This mobile device is larger than a mobile phone or a personal Digital Assistant and integrates into a touch screen and operated using touch sensitive motions on the screen. They are often controlled by a pen or touch of a finger. They are usually in slate form and are light in weight. Examples would include; Ipads, Galaxy Tabs, Blackberry Playbooks etc.
They offer the same functionality as portable computers. They support mobile computing to a far superior way and have enormous processing horse power. User can edit and modify document files, access high speed internet, stream video and audio data, receive and send e-mails, perform lectures and presentations among very many other functions. They have excellent screen resolution and clarity. Mobile computing has changed the complete landscape of human being life. Following are the clear advantages of Mobile Computing:

Location flexibility

This has enabled user to work from anywhere as long as there is a connection established. A user can work without being in a fixed position. Their mobility ensures that they are able to carry out numerous tasks at the same time perform their stated jobs.

Saves Time

The time consumed or wasted by travelling from different locations or to the office and back, have been slashed. One can now access all the important documents and files over a secure channel or portal and work as if they were on their computer. It has enhanced telecommuting in many companies. This also reduces unnecessary expenses that might be incurred.

Enhanced Productivity

Productive nature has been boosted by the fact that a worker can simply work efficiently and effectively from which ever location they see comfortable and suitable. Users are able to work with comfortable environments.

Ease of research

Research has been made easier, since users will go to the field and search for facts and feed them back to the system. It has also made it easier for field officer and researchers to collect and feed data from wherever they without making unnecessary trip to and from the office to the field.

Entertainment

Video and audio recordings can now be streamed on the go using mobile computing. It's easy to access a wide variety of movies, educational and informative material. With the improvement and availability of high speed data connections at considerable costs, one is able to get all the entertainment they want as they browser the internet for streamed data. One can be able to watch news, movies, and documentaries among other entertainment offers over the internet. This was not such before mobile computing dawned on the computing world.

Streamlining of Business Processes

Business processes are now easily available through secured connections. Basing on the factor of security, adequate measures have been put in place to ensure authentication and authorization of the user accessing those services. Some business functions can be run over secure links and also the sharing of information between business partners. Also it's worth noting that lengthy travelling has been reduced, since there is the use of voice and video conferencing. Meetings, seminars and other informative services can be conducted using the video and voice conferencing. This cuts down on travel time and expenditure. Mobile computing has its fair share of security concerns as any other technology. Due to their nomadic nature, it's not easy to monitor the proper usage. User might have different intentions on how to utilize this privilege. Improper and unethical practices such as hacking, industrial espionage, pirating, online fraud and malicious destruction are some but few of the problems experienced by mobile computing. Another big problem plaguing mobile computing is credential verification. It's not possible to that the person using that person is the true barrier. Other users share username and passwords. This is also a major threat to security. This being a very sensitive issue, most companies are very reluctant to implement mobile computing to the dangers of misrepresentation. The problem of identity theft is very difficult to contain or eradicate. Issues with unauthorized access to data and information by hackers, is also a plaguing problem. They gain access to steal vital data from companies. This problem has been a major headache and hindrance in rolling out mobile computing services. No company wants to lay open their secrets to hacker and other intruders, who will in terms sell them to their competitors. It's also important to take the necessary precautions to minimize these threats from taking place. Some of those measures include:

• ? ? ? ? ?Hiring qualified personnel.
• ? ? ? ? ?Installing Security Hardware and Software.
• ? ? ? ??Educating the Users on proper Mobile computing ethics.
• ? ? ? ? ?Auditing and developing sound, effective policies to govern mobile computing.
• ? ? ? ? ?Enforcing proper access rights and permissions.

These are just but a few ways to help deter possible threats to any company planning to offer mobile computing. Since information is vital, all possible measures should be evaluated and implemented for safeguard purposes. In the absence of such measures, it's possible for exploits and other unknown threats to infiltrate and cause irrefutable harm that would cost a huge of damage. These maybe in terms of reputation or financial penalties. In such cases, it's very easy to be misused in different unethical practices. The other issue would be online security. If this factor isn't properly worked on, it might be an avenue for constant threat. Theft and Espionage can be also another fact limiting its full utilization. Various threats to security still exist in implementing this kind of technology. This chapter will list down current and future mobile technologies starting from 3G technologies which is the hotest mobile technology available in the market.

3G

3G or 3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services fulfilling the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. Application services include wide-area wireless voice telephone, mobile Internet access, video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.

GPS (Global Positioning System)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system, weather, location services.

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

LTE is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using new modulation techniques. Its related with the implementation of forth Generation (4G) technology.

WiMax

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates, with the latest update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. It is a part of a?fourth generation,?or 4G, of wireless-communication technology. WiMax far surpasses the 30-metre wireless range of a conventional Wi-Fi local area network (LAN), offering a metropolitan area network with a signal radius of about 50 km.WiMax offers data-transfer rates that can be superior to conventional cable-modem and DSL connections, however, the bandwidth must be shared among multiple users and thus yields lower speeds in practice.

Near Field Communication

Near field communication (NFC) is a set of standards for Smartphones and similar devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity, usually no more than a few centimeters. Present and anticipated applications include contactless transactions, data exchange, and simplified setup of more complex communications such as Wi-Fi. Communication is also possible between an NFC device and an unpowered NFC chip, called a "tag". Today's computing has rapidly grown from being confined to a single location. With mobile computing, people can work from the comfort of any location they wish to as long as the connection and the security concerns are properly factored. In the same light, the presence of high speed connections has also promoted the use of mobile computing. Being an ever growing and emerging technology, mobile computing will continue to be a core service in computing and Information Communication and Technology.

Source: http://computinnovative.blogspot.com/2013/02/mobile-computing.html

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